יום ראשון, 29 בינואר 2012

Shmura Matzah, Mezuzas, and Lungs - Bo 5772


In this week’s Parsha we have Yetzias Mitzrayim and the Mitzvos that have to do with Pesach evening. I would like to start with a Dvar Halacha and then a Dvar Machshava both relating to the Mitzvos that the Torah gives us regarding the eating of Matzah on Pesach. The Meshech Chochmoh (which is not found in his writings on this week’s Parsha) says that it says in the Posuk 12:17 (וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם, אֶת-הַמַּצּוֹת), that it is a special Mitzvah to have Shmura Matzos. As you know it is a Mitzvah to have Matzah that is Shomer (watched) L’sheim Mitzvah which applies only to the Matzah that is being eaten on the first night of Pesach at the Seder. The rest of Pesach however, it is enough that it is not Chometz, it doesn’t have to be Matza that is Shomer (Shmura Matzah).
The question is (וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם, אֶת-הַמַּצּוֹת) what type of a Shemira is the Torah obligating? Rashi says (ושמרתם את המצות: שלא יבאו לידי חמוץ) It is an obligation to be careful in guarding the dough to not turn into Chometz. The prohibition of not eating Chometz is the same the first night of Pesach as it is on the entire Yom Tov of Pesach. The question then is why should the Torah give a different level of obligation in Shemira on the first night of Pesach then on the rest of the days of Pesach? Besides for the prohibition of eating Chometz they are identical.
The Meshech Chochmoh answers with a Yesod. We know that when it comes to Mitzvos we are allowed to rely on Rov. The Torah allows us to rely on Rov. What would happen if someone were to rely on Rov, for example you Shecht an animal properly and eat the meat. Unbeknownst to him, there is a hole in the heart thus rendering the animal a Treifah. The Halacha is that Ones K’man D’lo Ovid Dami. If someone does something B’ones he is not guilty at all and then K’man D’lo Ovid, it is as if he did not eat Nivaila. There is no Aveira at all. A person should be perfectly comfortable relying on Rov in that the animal is not a Treifah and indeed we never check for any Treifos outside of the lungs where finding them to be Treif is more common.
When it comes to a Mitzvas Asei however, the same thing is not true. Let’s say someone would buy an Esrog in a manner in that he was relying on Rov that it is a Koshera Esrog and it would turn out that it is not a Koshera Esrog. Well he wouldn’t be punished for failing to take an Esrog because he was an Ones but he would not get Schar for taking an Esrog because in fact he did not actually take an Esrog. Which means to say, when you have a good excuse it helps for a Lo Sasei. Somebody violates a prohibition then Unsa K’man D’lo Ovid, if someone does something B’ones he is not guilty at all because he did not do the Lo Sasei. However, when it comes to a Mitzvas Asei even if one is guiltless in failing to do it, he still doesn’t benefit from having done the Mitzvah.
With this Yesod the Meschech Chochmoh explains beautifully. All Pesach we don’t have to guard the flour that it not turn into Chometz. We are permitted to rely on Rov. Normally, kernels which are ground into flour make flour that is not Chometzdik. Normally if you make dough by mixing flour and water and bake it within 18 minutes it will not turn into Chometz. There is no special need to watch it although occasionally things may happen, but in a typical case the Torah allows us to rely on Rov. Therefore, all of Pesach we are perfectly comfortable relying on that Rov. The reason is even if it would turn into Chometz Unsa K’man D’lo Ovid and there is no violation. The first night of Pesach is different because it is a Mitzvas Asei so if we would eat something that we think is Matzah and B’ones it really is not Matzah you wouldn’t be punished for failing to eat Matzah on the first night of Pesach but you would be missing the benefit of eating Matzah as the MItzvas Asei. Therefore, the Torah is teaching us that when you come to a Mitzvas Asei (a Mitzvah that one does actively) a person should be extra careful (וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם, אֶת-הַמַּצּוֹת).
This is a beautiful explanation and with this the Meshech Chochmo goes on to explain that the Halacha is that a person is obligated to check his Mezuzas twice every seven years. The Bedika is an obligation despite the fact that as we know most of the time the Mezuzas are Kosher. They were Kosher originally and they stay Kosher. When it comes however, to checking Treifos, checking the lungs, a Treifa that is common, there is no biblical obligation to check, we rely on Rov. Checking the lungs is a Chumrah which we do Mid’rabban. Why is checking Mezuzas different than checking the lungs?
When it comes to Treifos we come to relying on Rov, and therefore, we can eat without checking. Unsa K’man D’lo Ovid, the Torah allows us to rely on Rov. If we accidently eat something that was Treif there is no consequence. However, when it comes to Mezuza which is a Mitzvas Asei, if we relied on Rov and in fact the Mezuza was Posel indeed we wouldn’t be punished for failing to do the Mitzvah but still we would be failing from having benefit of a Kosher Mezuza. This is a beautiful Vort based on a very basic Yesod.

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