32:19 Moshe Rabbeinu broke the Luchos. There are 2 seemingly contradictory Divrei Chazal. On the one hand the Gemara says that Hashem said thank you to Moshe for breaking the Luchos. On the other hand we have the Divrei Chazal that the letters from the Luchos fell into the air and the stones became so heavy that Moshe Rabbeinu couldn’t carry them because they lost the Kedushah. This seems to be a contradiction because one opinion is that Moshe broke them and the other opinion is that they became so heavy that Moshe Rabbeinu couldn’t carry them.
Rav Yisrael Salanter answers the contradiction by saying that there are 2 Luchos. One was the Bein Adam Lamakoim and the other was the Bein Adam L’chaveiroi. When Klal Yisrael was Oiver the Aveira of Avoida Zorah then the first set of Luchos with the 5 Mitzvois of Bein Adam Lamakoim became too heavy for Moshe Rabbeinu to hold. Then Moshe was left holding the second set with the 5 Mitzvois of Bein Adam L’chaveiroi to Klal Yisrael, however, he said Bein Adam L’makoim or Bein Adam L’chaveiroi without the other one doesn’t go. So one was broken by Moshe and the other broke on its own.
In 32:19 it says, יט וַיְהִי, כַּאֲשֶׁר קָרַב אֶל-הַמַּחֲנֶה, וַיַּרְא אֶת-הָעֵגֶל, וּמְחֹלֹת; וַיִּחַר-אַף מֹשֶׁה, וַיַּשְׁלֵךְ מִיָּדָו אֶת-הַלֻּחֹת, וַיְשַׁבֵּר אֹתָם, תַּחַת הָהָר The K’siv is Miyadoi from his hand, singular, because only one broke by Moshe Rabbeinu breaking it.
Rav Pam used to say that a Yid has 2 Simanei Kashrus, Bein Adam Lamakoim and Bein Adam L’chaveiroi and just like by a Behaima with one Siman and without the other Siman renders the animal more disgusting than one that is totally Treif, so too someone who is wonderful in Bein Adam L’chaveiroi and terrible in Bein Adam Lamakoim its very bad. This is because they will say how great is his actions are because they see his Bein Adam L’chaveiroi, however, they will learn Rishus from him. The reverse is true as well if he has only the Siman of Bein Adam Lamakoim and not Bein Adam L’chaveiroi.
Rav Druk would say the same thing by fish. Snapir, the fins that guide a fish through the water is the Bein Adam Lamakoim. Kaskeses the scales are like coins one on top of the other that represents the Bein Adam L’chaveiroi. The Gemara says any fish that does not have scales certainly does not have fins, because a person who does not have Bein Adam Lachaveiroi certainly does not have Bein Adam Lamakoim.
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